The US Ironclad Gunboat the Essex

"Destruction of the rebel ram "Arkansas": By the United State gunboat "Essex," on the Mississippi River, near Baton Rouge, August 4th 1862." 1 print : lithograph, hand colored. New York: Currier & Ives, [1862?] Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/91795896/ (Accessed 10/18/2013).

The US Ironclad Gunboat the Essex

Richard faced this ship in three different battles, at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and at Port Hudson where it was the only Ironclad gunboat in the lower Mississippi Fleet. The rest of those ships were oceangoing warships and some of them were in Commodore Perry's trip to Japan ( 1852-1854).

Gunboats that fired on Fort Henry

“[USS CINCINNATI] The gunboat that fired the first shot at Fort Henry.” 1 photomechanical print: halftone Halftone repro. of photo in Miller, Photographic History of the Civil War, 1911 edition, vol. 1, p. 185. 1911. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006691870/ (accessed 9/2/2013).

Gunboats that fired on Fort Henry

The Cincinnati (Ironclad) and the Lexington (Timber Clad) were at Fort Henry. The Pittsburg was part of the northern fleet.

The Upper Mississippi River Fleet

“The Mississippi River Fleet at Mound City, Illinois” 1 photographic print on card mount: albumen. Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cwp/item/2013647493/ (accessed 9/2/2013).

The Upper Mississippi River Fleet

These are the ships that started at Cairo Illinois and went up the Ohio River to Tennessee River to Fort Henry and then most of them went down to the Ohio River and then up the Cumberland River to Fort Donelson.

“Federal tranports in the Tennessee River” 1 photographic print : albumen. Hartford, Conn: Taylor & Huntington, No. 2 State St., [between 1861 and 1865] Part of series: The War for the Union. Photographic War History, 1861-1865. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647172/ (accessed 9/2/2013).

Three years In the C.S. Army (P.A.C.S) A Diary of a Confederate Soldier by Jerry Pepper and Richard Lauren McClung
Amazon: http://amzn.com/B00FR2MT7I

Bombardment of Fort Henry

Currier & Ives. “Bombardment and capture of Fort Henry, Tenn.: By the federal gunboats under command of commodore Andrew H. Foote-Feby. 6th 1862” lithograph, hand-colored. New York: Currier & Ives, [ca. 1862]. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/90711973/ (accessed 8/26/2013).

Bombardment of Fort Henry

Lithographs of the ships bombarding Fort Henry.

Interesting that the Lithograph shows multiple misses of the ships on the Tennessee River but the Garrison was only run by a handful of troops and General Tilghman while the rest of the troops were either across the river at Fort Heiman or on their way to Fort Donelson. So they could not have been able to put up much of a fight, most of their guns were underwater due to the flood.

Maps of area between Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

All pictures in this article are from same source: United States War Department. “Atlas of the war of the Rebellion giving Union and Confederate armies by actual surveys by the Union and Confederate engineers, and approved by the officers in command, of all the maps herein published.” Plate XI. 1 Atlas ([3] Leaves, 40 Folded Plates, [14] Leaves) : Ill., Folded Col. Maps, Plans New York : Atlas Pub. Co., 1892. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division http://www.loc.gov/item/2009581111 (accessed August 31, 2013).

Maps of area between Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

The above map shows Fort Heiman and the movement of troops on both sides to Fort Donelson. It is interesting that they did not engage each other until they got to the Fort.

Flooding of the Tennessee Valley leads to battle

Waud, Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph), 1828-1891, artist. "Position of ft. Henry on Tennessee River." 1 drawing on light green paper : pencil ; 8.9 x 12.8 cm. (sheet). Formerly Waud no. B-27. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Morgan collection of Civil War drawings. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004660528/ (Accessed 10/17/2013)

Flooding of the Tennessee Valley leads to battle

The Tennessee River flooded, and as the water rose, Fort Henry became partially submerged, including about half of its cannons. You could land troops directly into the fort by water. This gave the North a wonderful opportunity to take not only Fort Henry but Fort Donelson which was just a few miles to the East Northeast on the Cumberland River. If the North could take Fort Henry, they could attack Fort Donelson from the River with Ironclads and from the land and lay Siege to the garrison.

Memphis Tennessee before the War, and the Foraging Parties of the Union Army

Strother, David Hunter, 1816-1888 "Memphis (Tennessee) before the war / sketched by Porte Crayon." wood engraving.Illus. in: Harper's weekly, 1862 March 15, p. 168. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/95509535/ (accessed on October 15, 2013).

Memphis Tennessee before the War, and the Foraging Parties of the Union Army

Memphis before the war, and during the Occupation. Richard traveled upstream against the current in a Riverboat from Gaines Landing Arkansas to Memphis.

The second image shows why the South was defending itself, the war for them was about the North coming down and robbing them of their crops, personal possessions and just about everything. The Cotton Crop was one of the first things taken in Charleston and the Union was notorious for burning down warehouses that stored the cotton all over the South. It was about a rape of the land and a destruction of the people. It is about politicians who bought their rank only to profiteer and the expense of everyone else including their own men.

Riverboat to Memphis

"High pressure steamboat Mayflower first class packet between St. Louis and New Orleans on the Mississippi River - Capt. Joseph Brown." New York: N. Currier, c1855. Lithograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002695868/#bib (accessed 10/12/2012).

Riverboat to Memphis

This riverboat was the Mayflower which was a high pressure steamer that was in use from St Louis to New Orleans on the Mississippi River before the war. Richard took a steamer to Memphis.

Three years In the C.S. Army (P.A.C.S) A Diary of a Confederate Soldier by Jerry Pepper and Richard Lauren McClung
Amazon: http://amzn.com/B00FR2MT7I

Blockade Map of the Confederate States 1861

Blockade Map of the Confederate States 1861

Map showing the US Naval blockade of the Southern States during the Civil War. The Confederacy had to import material for the war through Mexico to Texas and then across the Mississippi River to the rest of the Confederacy. This meant that whomever controlled the Mississippi would win the war. This is why the battles on the Mississippi were so intense, featuring ships and land artillery. It made for many spectacular battles.

Admiral Farragut's Fleet Bombarding Port Hudson

Admiral Farragut's Fleet Bombarding Port Hudson as the fleet made its way against the current of the Mississippi River in an attempt to get to Vicksburg which was to the north. An artillery battle at Point Blank Range. Port Hudson was set up on a cliff right where the ships had to turn to move up the Mississippi, thus they could shoot at any ship that came up or down the Mississippi. They concentrated their guns at this position, a gauntlet of fire. This gives you an idea of the bombardment that Richard was accustomed to experience in this war.